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Additional information

3.1 Abbreviations and acronyms

3.1.1 Countries and regions

AT

Austria

BE

Belgium

BG

Bulgaria

BR

Brazil

CA

Canada

CN

China

CY

Cyprus

CZ

Czechia

DE 

Germany

DK

Denmark

EE

Estonia

EL

Greece

ES

Spain

EU

European Union

FI

Finland

FR

France

IT

Italy

JP

Japan

KR

South Korea 

LT

Lithuania

LU

Luxembourg

LV

Latvia

MT

Malta

MX

Mexico

NL

The Netherlands

PL

Poland

PT

Portugal

RO

Romania

SE

Sweden

SI

Slovenia

SK

Slovakia

TW

Taiwan

 

3.1.2 Institutions

ECB 

European Central Bank 

ESM 

European Stability Mechanism 

IMF 

International Monetary Fund

NATO 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

3.1.3 Other abbreviations

AI

Artificial intelligence

GDP

Gross domestic product

IPU

Inter-Parliamentary Union

SAFE

Security Action for Europe

TFP

Total factor productivity

TTF

Title Transfer Facility

3.2 Acknowledgements

The Euro Area Stability Watch was prepared by the ESM Chief Economist department under the general direction of Rolf Strauch, ESM Chief Economist and Management Board Member. Pilar Castrillo, Head of Economic and Market Analysis, led the project. Staff from across the ESM contributed to the analysis, including from the Chief Economist department, the Chief Financial Officer department, and the Secretary General department. The report was approved by the ESM Chief Economist on June 30, 2026. 

Chapter 1 was led by Robert Blotevogel, Michael Kuehl, Bernhard Mayr, Jemima Peppel-Srebrny, Andrzej Sowinski, and Konstantinos Theodoridis with contributions from Ashley Andrews, Angela Capolongo, Roberta Cardani, Antoine Cornevin, Thiago Fauvrelle, Giulia Fusi, Carmine Gabriele, Katarina Gumanova, Arndt Kund, Amela Memetaj, Kamila Slawinska, and Vlad Skovorodov. Box 1.1 was prepared by Fabio Comazzi, Martin Iseringhausen, Edmund Moshammer, and Konstantinos Theodoridis. Box 1.2 was prepared by Alexandre Lauwers, Yasin Mimir, and Sinem Toraman. Box 1.3 was prepared by Giulia Fusi and Mattia Picarelli. Box 1.4 was prepared by Alexandre Lauwers and Elias Wolf. Box 1.5 and the ESM Sovereign Sentiment Survey were led by Jemima Peppel-Srebrny with the support of Marius Marsanu, Carlos Martins, Romain Meuwissem, Yerbolat Rakhmetov, Efstathios Sofos, and Andrzej Sowinski. The authors of Chapter 2 are Alexandre Lauwers, Vasiliki Michou, Lorenzo Ricci, and Luca Zavalloni.  

The report also benefitted from the review and suggestions by Kai Behrens, Giovanni Callegari, Paolo Fioretti, Olga Francova, Violeta Klyviene, Nicoletta Mascher, and Mathias Skrutkowski, as well as external advisors Aitor Erce, Roberto Pancrazi, and Guntram Wolff. 

Production of the report was coordinated by Anelia Marinova, with Giulia Fusi, Lorenzo Ricci, and Jenny Sellin overseeing the preparation process. The design and data visualisation of the report were coordinated by Angela Capolongo and Edmund Moshammer, with input from Fabio Comazzi, Hafsa Channa, Dominika Gustafsson, Thiago Fauvrelle, and Martin Rohar. 

Editorial support was provided by Raquel Calero, with additional assistance from James G. Neuger. Communications support was provided by Beatrice Avoscan, Juliana Dahl, Elisa Fasoli, Klea Jaho, Peter Lindmark, Christelle Mckillen, Katharina Potgieter, Anabela Reis, Elisa Rolli, Karol Siskind, and Mariya Todorova, under the direction of Cédric Crelo. 

Special thanks are extended to Christoph Rosenberg for his valuable guidance and insights.